History - Year 13

History Overview

Term 1: Mid Tudor Crisis

Students till continue work from year 12 with continuing to look at the Mid Tudor Crisis and study Mary I and her ministers; royal authority; problems of succession; relations with foreign powers. The social impact of religious and economic changes under Mary I; rebellion; intellectual developments; humanist and religious thought. Students Will also spend time on retrieval practice and prepare for Mock 1.

  1. Mock 1 will be assessed at the beginning of term 2. In preparation students will complete a extract essay on the Mid Tudor Crisis.
Act of Attainder

This declared the landowner guilty of rebelling against a monarch; the attainted noble lost his title, lands and sometimes his head.

Tonnage and Poundage

The right to raise revenue for the whole reign from imports and exports

Protector

Term used to describe Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, who was in charge of the kingdom as Edward VI was too young to rule.

Evangelical

Term used to describe anyone who favoured further religious reform

Catholic Reformation

The attempts of the Catholic Church across Europe to reform itself.

Zwinglian

Religious ideas of Ulrich Zwingli, protestant reformer in Switzerland. Zwingli’s view was the Eucharist was a simple commemoration of Christ’s sacrifice and no transformation elements.

Forty Two articles of Religion

Issued by Archbishop Cranmer in 1553, defined the essential of the faith of the Church of England.

Sheep Tax

Introduced in March 1549, it was intended to deter the conversion of arable land to pasture.

Norfolk Foldcourse

Foldcourse was the right to graze sheep on a enclosed piece of common land. In Norfolk and Suffolk some landowners denied access to the foldcourse. This increased levels of discontent and caused the Kett’s rebellion.

Devyse

When Northumberland failed to interfere in the legitimate succession to the throne and placed Lady Jane Grey as Queen of England.

  • Spiritual
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  • Cultural
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Term 2: Early Elizabethan England

In Tudors students will be studying Early Elizabethan England this will cover her character and aims; consolidation of power, including the Act of Settlement and relations with foreign powers. Students will further study the impact of economic, social and religious developments in the early years of Elizabeth's rule.

  1. Mock 1
Act of Uniformity

Specified the single use of a Book of Common Prayer which was a modified version of Cranmer’s version in 1552.

Act of Supremacy

Act restored in law the royal Supremacy of the Church.

Calvinism

More radical reform of Protestantism put forward in Geneva by the French reformer John Calvin

Huguenot

Term used in the 16th and 17th Centuries to describe denote French Protestants.

Deserving Poor

Those people who actively seeking work or were too old, too young or too ill to do so.

Undeserving Poor

Those people who society considered to be beggars or vagrants.

Consolidation

Term used when Elizabeth makes solid her position as Queen.

Royal Injunctions

A set of instructions about the conduct of church services and government of the Church issued in the Queen’s name as supreme governor.

  • Spiritual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Cultural
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Term 3: Triumph of Elizabeth, 1563-1603

In Tudors students will study Elizabethan government: court, ministers and parliament; factional rivalries. They will then move onto Foreign affairs: issues of succession and the threat from Mary, Queen of Scots, this will then develop into Foreign policy and relations with Spain.

  1. Preparation for Mock 2 and responding to feedback from Mock 1
Factional rivalry

Factional arguments or disputes that involve two or more smaller groups within a group, causing rivalry between two sides.

Sectaries

Members of Protestant sects which had rejected the Church of England and the royal supremacy.

The Golden Speech

Delivered by Elizabeth to a number of MPS as the final parliamentary session of her reign drew to a close.

Regicide

The execution or murder of a monarch

Sea Beggars

Dutch pirates licenced by the rebel leader William of Orange

Spanish Armada

Organisation of the expedition against England by the Spanish fleet.

  • Spiritual
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  • Social
  • Cultural
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Term 4: Triumph of Elizabeth, 1563-1603

In Tudors students will look at the Elizabethan economic development: trade, exploration and colonisation; prosperity and depression. Further religious developments before and after 1570. Students will then decide on whether Elizabeth was a 'Golden Age’ of art, literature and music.

  1. Preparation for A Levels and practice questions
Impotent Poor

A subcategory of the deserving poor, comprised of those who could not look after themselves, because of age or infirmity.

Joint Stock companies

Businesses which were owned by their shareholders, who profit in proportion to the size of their shareholding.

Recusant

Term used to describe those who refused to attend the services of the Church of England.

Puritanism

The belief amongst godly protestants that the Church of England needed to be purged or any remaining ‘Superstitious’ Catholic practices.

Synod

Church council

Society of Jesus

Religious order recognised in 1540 looked actively to reconvert places which had become Protestant during the reformation.

  • Spiritual
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  • Cultural
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Term 5: Revision

Students will be revising for their exams. Students will be revising advanced content for both the Tudor and International Relations unit. this will include content revision and skills. Essay answers will be modelled using the I do, We do, You do approach. Students will spend time revising both topics and also also complete source and extract essays.

  1. Regular practice questions
  • Spiritual
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  • Social
  • Cultural
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Term 1: Russia - Economy and society 1929-1941

Students begin their study Year two, Stalin’s rule, by exploring the economic developments of the 1930’s. Students will examine Stalin’s policies in industry and agriculture and draw conclusions as to whether they were successful. Furthermore, students will develop their initial investigation in to Stalinist propaganda that began at the end of Year 12.

  1. Students will complete one essay question on the success of economic policies. Students will also be assessed via knowledge quizzes that assess retention of specific information.
Collectivisation

Farming in a collective – a single unit, usually consisting of a number of farms, which were worked by the community under the supervision of the state.

Cult of Personality

An effort which is made to create an heroic image of a leader by a government through the use of propaganda.

Dekulakization

The Soviet campaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, or executions of millions of kulaks (prosperous peasants) and their families.

Five Year Plans

A series of series of nationwide centralised economic plans focused on Soviet industry. They began in the late 1920s as a result of Stalin’s ‘Great Turn’

Gosplan

The state general Planning Commission is role was to ensure that the economic objectives of the Five-Year Plans were met.

Kolkhoz

The typical collective farm which was created by combining smaller individual farms together in co-operative structure.

Magnitogorsk

City in the Urals Mountains which focused on steel production

MTS

Motor Tractor Stations were set up in 1931 to provide machinery to collective farms to ensure greater efficiency in agriculture

Proletarianization

Turning the mass of the population into urban workers; ridding society of selfish capitalist attitudes and developing a co-operative mentality.

Socialist Realism

style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930’s. It was characterized by the depiction of communist values, such as the emancipation of the proletariat

Sovkhoz

State administered collective farm.

Stakhanovite

Referred to workers who modelled themselves after Alexey Stakhanov. These workers took pride in their ability to produce more than was required, by working harder and more efficiently

  • Spiritual
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Term 2: Russia - Politics and Control 1929-1941

Students continue their study of Stalin’s rule with a focus on Stalin’s apparatus to control, notably the use of terror and Show Trials. This will be complemented with a review of the changes in Russian society, particularly around women. This term also includes an assessment of the development of Soviet foreign policy including involvement in the Spanish Civil War.

  1. Students will complete one essay question on Stalin’s terror. Students will also be assessed via knowledge quizzes that assess retention of specific information.
Gulag

Acronym for the ‘Main Camp Administration’ this agency administered the Soviet forced labour camps from 1930 and ‘gulag’ came to be used to describe the camp themselves.

Komsomol

The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".

Nazi Soviet Pact

Agreement signed between Nazi Germany and the USSR. It agreed to divide Poland and included a commitment to Non-Aggression between the super power rivals.

NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs abbreviated NKVD was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. The NKVD undertook mass executions of citizens, and conceived, populated and administered the Gulag system of forced labour camps. It was headed

OGPU

The Joint State Political Directorate was the intelligence and state security service and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1934

Purge

Literally ‘A cleaning out of impurities’ the term is used to describe forcible expulsion from the Communist party during the 1930’s

Show Trial

A public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt or innocence of the defendant. They were used extensively in the 1930’s by Joseph Stalin as a tool of suppressing opposition.

Soviet Man

A person who was publicly engaged and committed to the community, who willingly gave his service to the state.

State Terror

A means to control the population and remove opposition through control and fear; Stalin made terror an instrument of government.

The Great Retreat

Refers to Stalinist Social policies of the 1930’s that reversed some of the more liberal policies initiated under Lenin.

Yezhovschina

Named after Yezhov, the head of the NKVD, it refers to a period between 1936-38 of exceptional brutality

  • Spiritual
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  • Social
  • Cultural
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Term 3: Russia - The Great Patriotic War

In term 3, students will explore the Great Patriotic War, a conflict that saw 20 million soviet soldiers and civilians perish. Students will examine the changes to Soviet society as a result of war and assess the factors that contributed to Germany’s defeat.

  1. Students will complete one source question on the Great Patriotic War. Students will also be assessed via knowledge quizzes that assess retention of specific information.
Blitzkrieg

Roughly translated as lightning war, this was the tactic adopted by Nazi Germany during the initial invasion of USSR in 1941.

Lend Lease

The policy under which the United States supplied the Soviet Union and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and 1945

Order No 227

Order issued by Joseph Stalin on July 28, 1942, it came to be known as the “Not one step backward” “Panic makers and cowards must be liquidated on the spot. Not one step backward without orders from higher headquarters!”

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

Scorched Earth Policy

a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy. Used extensively by the USSR during the Nazi invasion in the 1940’s

Siege of Leningrad

A prolonged military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) It lasted from 1941-1944

Stavka

The top-level military command of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Stalin assumed control in 1941

Stalingrad

City in southwest Russia and scene of major battle between 1942 and 1943. It proved to be a major turning point in the war, with Wermacht decimated as a result.

T34

Tank introduced by the Red Army in 1940. Whilst unsophisticated in its design it was famed for its durability and endurance. A German General labelled it the finest tank in the world”

  • Spiritual
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  • Social
  • Cultural
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Term 4: Russia - High Stalinism

To finalise their study of Russia 1917-1953, students will explore Stalin’s post-war rule, a period referred to as high-Stalinism. Students will review the renewed use of terror, whilst investigating the circumstances surrounding Stalin’s death. Alongside this, students will also assess USSR’s place in the international stage, with the beginnings of the Cold War.

  1. Students will complete one source question on the High-Stalinism. Students will also be assessed via knowledge quizzes that assess retention of specific information.
Berlin Blockade

One of the first major international crises of the Cold War. Stalin refused to Western access to Soviet zones and thus they flew supplies in to their sectors.

Cold War

a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc

High Stalinism

The years that followed the end of the Second World War. It was during these years that Stalin’s authority over state and Party, as well as the cult of personality reached its pinnacle.

Iron Curtain

The political boundary dividing Europe into Communist and democratic states

Leningrad Affair

series of criminal cases fabricated in the late 1940s–early 1950s by Joseph Stalin in order to accuse a prominent Leningrad authority figures of treason

MGB

Ministry of state security and forerunner of the KGB

MVD

Ministry for internal affairs. Controlled domestic security sand the Gulags

Salami tactics

a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. Term first used by Rakosi to describe Soviet tactics in Eastern Europe

Soviet bloc

Describes the satellite states in the Soviet sphere of influence that developed in the aftermath of World War Two.

The Doctors Plot

In 1951–1953, a group of predominantly Jewish doctors from Moscow were accused of a conspiracy to assassinate Soviet leaders.

Zhdanovschina

Purge of culture in the USSR, led by Andrei Zhadanov in the period after World War Two.

  • Spiritual
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  • Social
  • Cultural
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